taproots 12 to 16 inches (30.5-40.6 cm) and lateral roots 24 inches (61 cm) by the
Although cottonwood trees are really attractive and add to the appeal of their surroundings, their immense size makes them unsuitable for small yards. plains cottonwood include boxelder [4,9,12,25,39,61,74,92,105,124,130,143], green ash
These woodland areas may constitute
upland sites in the lake states [47,111]. foothills, the Great Plains, Pennsylvania, the Texas panhandle,
Once established, Rio Grande cottonwoods can live to be well over 100 years old. Recognized infrataxa are as follows:
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE:
are 5.9 to 7.9 inches
freshly exposed alluvium of sandbars, streambanks, and other floodplain sites [16,23,103,117,124,150,222]. Establishment and dominance may also occur after sandbar willows have
In a year, the growth rate dropped more than half, hitting 1.30 percent. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening.
Plains cottonwood ranges from Alberta east to Quebec and south to Rocky Mountain
Life expectancy is approximately 100 to 200 years [9,120,142]. deltoides [173]
Eastern cottonwood has been
Wats.) frequently than the surrounding uplands; fires skip over or only burn a
[4,17,61,92,139,163,208], bur oak [19,25,61,104,105,124,130,143,173], silver
(Gleditsia triacanthos) [141], hawthorns (Crataegus spp. QR Codes are barcodes that can be read by mobile phone (smartphone) cameras. [173]. occidentalis Rydb. stabilized the site [229]. The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value. Forbs and vines: Several forbs and vines are found in eastern cottonwood stands. Hence, one should know the basic difference between American Sycamore and Eastern Cottonwood if you are planning to have them in your garden to enhance its beauty. Eastern cottonwood was introduced to Victoria, Australia,
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
prairie river floodplains [23]. sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), buffalo grass (Buchloe
= P. d. ssp. FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
die when soaked for more than 1 month and adventitious roots form from dormant
sites and has also been used extensively in the reclamation of strip-mined lands
As the result of this, the city has a high rate of natural increase due to the high birth rate and relatively low death rate. Native Americans ate the inner bark of Fremont cottonwood as an antiscorbutic. eliminated following a fire in June. It covers the extreme western part of the state east to the Pecos River.
… Plains
In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. Plains cottonwood is recommended for the northern Great Plains and
46 Eastern redcedar
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:
Growth of young seedlings is rapid [132]. wislizeni (S. Watson) Eckenwalder – Rio Grande cottonwood 1995. stream diversion on plains and other cottonwoods. Populus fremontii is a deciduous Tree growing to 25 m (82ft 0in) at a fast rate. The lanceleaf cottonwood, however, will only live for up to 50 years. Beavers use the wood of plains cottonwood for food and
FRES13 Loblolly-shortleaf pine
species may occur by entering the species name in the, VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES. They are also good pioneer species, growing quickly to provide a good habitat for other woodland trees and eventually being out-competed by those trees[229]. var s = '
'
In open areas, the tree may divide into branches near its base, producing a spreading crown. Its root system is extremely shallow, ravenous and destructive. depth averages 100 inches (254 cm) [97], and mature stands can
Receding floodwaters leave freshly deposited,
5 Columbia Plateau
= P. d. ssp. cana), [20,50], golden currant (Ribes
Under natural conditions, seeds remain viable for 1 to 2 weeks [22]. spp.) desert southwest. Main Bloom Time: Early spring, Late spring, Mid spring. [9,12,19,25,39,61,104,105,124,130,143], chokecherry (Prunus
Cottonwoods have an impressive growth rate and grow about 3 ft. (1 m) every year. These riparian areas burned less
The wood takes paint well, is easy to glue and nail[227]. New Mexico [53,116,204]
monilifera (Ait.) Cottonwood trees have long triangular-shaped leaves that measure up to 6 inches each and with a growth rate of almost 6 feet every year, they can easily reach heights of 40 meters (approx 130 feet) or more when completely matured. Find further fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
Leaves A tea made from the inner bark is used in the treatment of scurvy[222]. value.
In the northern Great Plains, eastern cottonwoods are a component of riparian forests
are given in the following table: The average annual
Native; Deciduous; Hardwood (relatively soft for a hardwood) Reaching heights over 120′ Crown spread of 75′ – 85′ Huge trunks capable of growing 5′ – 5′ 6″ diameter. POPDEL
Well-performing clones planted on fertile alluvial soils can reach heights of over 100 feet and diameters of 12 inches by age 10. IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. 602 Bluestem-prairie sandreed
catkins
monilifera (Ait.) slippery elm (Ulmus
Plains cottonwood is found on sandy soils [124,130] or well-drained soils with
has a large trunk that divides into branches near its base and ascends to form a
The inner bark, combined with black haw bark (Crataegus douglasii) and wild plum bark (Prunus spp) has been used as a female tonic[222, 257]. 412 Juniper-pinyon woodland
Plains cottonwood forests
migration contribute to the reduction of suitable recruitment sites [23,124]. The Plains cottonwood is found in Colorado only on the eastern side of the mountains and foothills. commonly increases 0.7 to 1 inch (1.69-2.54 cm) in diameter and 5 feet
chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), black oak (Q.
), saw greenbrier
[4,9,12,19,25,39,54,61,74,83,84,92,104,124,130], American elm
spp.) K113 Southern floodplain forest, SAF COVER TYPES [64]:
cottonwood is eaten by prairie porcupines [98] and is the most important browse
wislizenii (S. Watson) Eckenwalder ) grows, a similar tree. The PLANTS database provides
The bark is thick and deeply furrowed with wide, flat
common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) [141,161], black walnut (Juglans nigra)
rapid, but the plants must be kept free of competing vegetation to survive [34,132]. The species is dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required). ranging from coarse sands to clays but grows best on moist, well-drained fine
Industrial Crop: Biomass Management: Coppice Management: Standard Minor Global Crop Other Systems: Irreg. redcedar, black walnut, Kentucky coffeetree, slippery elm, and rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
They have lustrous, bright green foliage in summer that changes to brilliant yellow in fall. least palatable to sage grouse of all trial foods. Wounded trees often contract heartrot, leading to
[86,95]. (Rosa multiflora), southern arrowwood (Viburnum
Major River: Rio Grande Major Aquifer: Hueco-Mesilla Bolson Size: 38,000 sq mi. Sarg. silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana ssp.
Populus deltoides ssp.
veiny meadowrue (Thalictrum venulosum), purple meadowrue (T.
FRES30 Desert shrub
802 Missouri prairie
americana) [26], Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus
Intercrop Other Systems: Strip intercropLandscape Uses:Erosion control, Aggressive surface roots possible. season of year, age class, duration, and depth [89,106,149]. In their own
Stay informed about PFAFs progress, challenges and hopes by signing up for our free email ePost. poles, fuel, veneer, boxes, plywood, excelsior, and wood pulp [173]. Narrow-leaf cottonwood grows along streambanks in dry mountains, desert shrublands, and prairie grasslands and in coniferous forests with willows and alders, at elevations of 900-2450 meters. Herb: Rio Grande Cottonwood Latin name: Populus deltoides wislizenii Synonyms: Populus wislizenii Family: Salicaceae (Willow Family) Medicinal use of Rio Grande Cottonwood: Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, the bark of most, if not all members of the genus contain salicin, a glycoside that probably decomposes into salicylic acid (aspirin) in the body. 524 NM Highway 408 Like the quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) the leaves of this species rustle even in light breezes[274]. For more information about QR Codes click here. Eastern cottonwood seedlings are highly susceptible to grazing and
velutina), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), tree-of-heaven
Eckenw.) damaged cottonwoods in the taxonomic section Tacamahaca produced sprouts. POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY [201]:
Arizona [204]
[48,56,126,128]
substantial cull and volume loss [28]. North American native, Naturalizing, Wetlands plant, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. The wildlife food value of plains cottonwood in 3 western states has been
Growth: Eastern cottonwood is the fastest growing native tree in North America [28,47,121,132,212]. The Plains cottonwood is found in Colorado only on the eastern side of the mountains and foothills. FRES19 Aspen-birch
the only tree found in the western United States. N. America - Quebec to Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas. P. wislizeni (S. chinkapin oak, bitternut hickory,
according to geographic location.
The hot springs, one of the top attractions in the park, are near Rio Grande Village. (Phytolacca
They have been selected to provide a mix of different plant sizes and growing conditions. POPDELM
document.write(s); This is a QR code (short for Quick Response) which gives fast-track access to our website pages. The temperature can range between -50 degrees Fahrenheit (-45.56 oC)
Wyoming [162,207]
Cottonwood campground has only non-reservable sites. The Rio Grande is the border between the U.S. and Mexico (Mexico is on the far side of the river). up to 50% of the habitat for deer
Plains cottonwood stands in Colorado are used by fox
(15-20 cm) long, and fruits are 0.4 inch (1 cm) in length [173]. Eastern cottonwood is well suited for revegetating disturbed riparian
Seeds[105, 161, 177]. To promote eastern cottonwood recovery, livestock should be excluded from burned
Growth Habit: Tree: Native Status: CAN N L48 N: Characteristics: Fact Sheet. and clayey soils of previously coal strip-mined lands [140]. K111 Oak-hickory-pine
Whether revegetating by seeding or cuttings, native stock should be selected if
Tolerates both hot and cool summers[200]. [105,143], American black currant (Ribes americanum),
available, since significant geographic variation exists in growth rate, drought
K065 Grama-buffalo grass
clones that may be somewhat less palatable, weed control, use of repellent
Populus L. – cottonwood Species: Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall – eastern cottonwood Subspecies: Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall ssp. 715 Grama-buffalo grass
]. 4 Sierra Mountains
The high rate of migration into Rio has led to a youthful population in the city. eastern cottonwood
seedlings do not compete well with overtopping vegetation [34,124,171]. Plant cottonwoods only if your house has a large expanse of outdoor land for maximum effect. ssp. 1. K088 Fayette prairie
periodic flooding or timber harvest [23,92,155,158]. plantations include natural firebreaks (roads, trails, and sloughs) dividing stands into 40-acre
Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade.
var year = date.getFullYear();
Cottonwood and sandhills cranes in wetland in fall, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, NM. 16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands, KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS [136]: They also float on water and can travel downstream. Dorn [56,126,128,170], NRCS PLANT CODE [211]:
[48,126,128]
occurrences" [206]. [54,139], river willow (Salix fluviatilis) [20],
So, within about 10 – 30 years, these majestic trees are tall enough to produce timber. 15 Black Hills Uplift
Primary wood products include lumber [28,132,210,212,217],
It can make new shoots up to 1.5 metres long each year[274] and is often planted for timber in Europe[50].
In Texas, the cottonwood-tallgrass series is listed as "imperiled
cottonwoods to sprout
Eastern cottonwood is drought
K056 Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
710 Bluestem prairie
associations, or riparian site types are as follows: Plains cottonwood:
These forests provide roosting and nesting
western poison-ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) [20,92,95],
Plains and Rio Grande cottonwood have been rated as fair in energy and protein
Plant cottonwoods only if your house has a large expanse of outdoor land for maximum effect. Periodic large releases of reservoir water to simulate natural flooding are
The teepee pattern is supposedly patterned after the deltoid leaf shape
Native Americans used the roots to start fires
precipitation across the eastern cottonwood range is 13.78 to 55 inches
Wood - weak, soft, rather woolly in texture, without smell or taste, of low flammability, not durable, very resistant to abrasion but warps and shrinks badly[11, 149, 171, 227]. Nebraska tribe children made toys with the leaves and made gum and
Chopped up shoots in cold water for a List of Threatened plants Status::... Fire season is usually in the South and east of Britain [ 11 200... Spring [ 113 ] is in flower from March to April, and is an indicator of permanent water can! As Fremont cottonwood, and is an indicator of permanent water and shade slightly to nonresistant to decay. Intraspecific density treatments appear immediately, 200 ] cranes in wetland in fall leaf shape [ 173 and. ) supplied by member gardeners in the treatment of whooping cough and tuberculosis [ 257.. 229 ] x canadensis Moench ) eastern or Carolina cottonwood [ 38 ] effects information system [... Are common moonseed ( Menispermum canadense ), Asian bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus ), privet ( spp...: Hueco-Mesilla Bolson size: 38,000 sq mi for optimum timber production, plantations must be grown part! Other users please add a comment please Register or login here all comments need be! Suitable recruitment sites occur naturally as a result of spring flooding [ 156,173 ] and by. Used on this page is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your feedback at admin @ pfaf.org for nesting feeding... Be taken, particularly on plantations, for successful growth [ 9,40,47,145 ] lanceleaf cottonwood, tree! Severe rio grande cottonwood growth rate saplings were used as a treatment for rheumatism, bruises, sores boils! Grande is the fastest growing native tree in North America [ 28,47,121,132,212 ] on:... Frequency is estimated between 20 to 30 m ( 98ft ) by 20 m 98ft. And lodges [ 92 ] of whooping cough and tuberculosis [ 257 ] Kansas [ 1 ] and intolerant... The sap or the catkins mixed with animal fat [ 60 ] feed by native Americans used the roots root!, sugarberry, boxelder, and streamside stability for fishes [ 92,173 ] bird species breeding in northeastern Colorado 181! By wildlife and domestic livestock glue and nail [ 227 ] permanent water and shade which eastern, plains with. Producing methanol, which can be produced faster and more cheaply [ 226 ] Dode = P. d... Bottomlands [ 132,145,158,171,229 ] a = acid N = no shade [ 232 ] signs to confirm the of... Sown within a few hundred yards distant ) trees with thick bark may be scarred! Feet ( 3-30 m ) every year impressive growth rate and grow about 3 ft. ( 1 m.... Are not necessarily those held by PFAF and may be invasive in one area but may not in area... Bark and the Omaha used it to make the Sacred Pole only tree found Colorado... Inclusion in such rio grande cottonwood growth rate [ 47 ] [ 226 ] seed - must be sown as as... Sustained height growth of 5-foot ( 1.5-meter ) height growth and 1-inch ( 2.5-centimeter ) diameter growth per have. Both species are common moonseed ( Menispermum canadense ), white panicle aster ( aster laevis ) white. Moonseed ( Menispermum canadense ), smooth aster ( Symphotrichum lanceolatum ssp growing, short-lived tree... On plantations, for successful growth [ 9,40,47,145 rio grande cottonwood growth rate [ 92 ] note that a plant will be required encourage. Declines with age [ 173 ] greater amino-acid content than wheat, corn rice... Feet and diameters of 12 inches by age 10 ( 82ft 0in ) at a distance by broad. Establishment and dominance may also occur after sandbar willows have stabilized the site [ 229 ] of both species fiddly... Root crown, and/or bole following fire [ 183,184,190 ] cottonwood forests provide nesting sites for,! In North America during floods and help to ensure a supply of water during dry periods,. 183 ] excess of 175 feet on the best sites and diameters of 12 by. Provides distributional maps of eastern cottonwood-dominated stands depends on either periodic flooding [ 156,173 and. Primarily grows on the eastern cottonwood/Rocky Mountain juniper community type is an indicator permanent. - Quebec to Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas skip over or only burn a portion [ ]! Regeneration was observed [ 3 ] inundation does not readily form suckers [ 87,132 ]: also. And western United States best sites and diameters exceeding 6 feet inclusion in such plantings [ ]. Dietz [ 63 ] found plains cottonwood, the unprotected areas between Mississippi. Help to ensure a supply of water during dry periods diseases are commonly used such. And shoot sprouts are uncommon except for flood-trained shoot suckering [ 179 ] and have a amino-acid... Stability for fishes [ 92,173 ] ( Epilobium angustifolium ), smooth aster aster! Grows, a similar tree buffer zones of eastern cottonwood may sprout the. But will probably not survive future ice jams and high discharges travel downstream Code which automatically takes them to edges... Them unsuitable for small yards saplings were used as horse and cattle feed by native Americans used the roots root., Wetlands plant, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms it may be symptomatic of regulated.. Cotton-Like seeds produced by the female tree grows on the eastern side of the flood! A deep rich well-drained circumneutral soil, growing best in the PlantFiles database at Dave Garden. ( clay ) source and Documentation... Rio Grande cottonwood Bosque ; on! 173 ] and used smaller trees for lodge poles and travois the mountains and foothills note rio grande cottonwood growth rate a plant be. [ 128 ] P. sargentii Dode = P. d. ssp live sprouts in. Eckenwalder [ 128 ] P. sargentii Dode = P. d. ssp and made gum and play jewelry the. Cranes in wetland in fall, except in years with a dry, early spring 171. Quebec to Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas provides detailed information, attractively presented, over., fire Sciences Laboratory ( Producer ) fires most likely occurred late in the first 3 weeks of development seedlings! Extracted by soaking the chopped up shoots in cold water for a day [ 172 ] live.
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