deoxyribose sugar structure

- Definition, Parts & Function, What is a Neurotransmitter? Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide, the building block for more complicated sugars. Deoxyribose. RNA performs a variety of functions in the cell. The sugar found in DNA is called deoxyribose. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Phosphate Group: Definition & Explanation, Maltose: Definition, Structure & Function, Complementary Base Pairing: Definition & Explanation, Saturated Fatty Acid: Structure, Formula & Example, Monosaccharides: Definition, Structure & Examples, Denaturation of Protein: Definition & Causes, What is Sucrose? Deoxyribose Definition Deoxyribose is the five-carbon sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules. A nucleoside has two parts: a pentagonal sugar (deoxyribose) and a nitrogenous base (in color). Here, 'mono' means 'one,' and 'saccharide' means 'sugar.'. What is the difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA? Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Deoxyribose consists of five carbon atoms that form a pentagonal shape. DNA is a polymer formed of many nucleic acids. It has a sweet taste. This might look complicated, but the letters represent the names of elements from the periodic table, and the numbers (presented in subscript) tell us how many of each of these elements make up a particular compound. Some differences between deoxyribose and ribose based on structure, IUPAC name, molar mass, chemical formula, etc. A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid," published in Nature in 1953, the two scientists described the double-helical form of the molecule, shaped like a twisted ladder, in which each rung is made up of four nucleotides: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine (typically abbreviated as A, T, C, and G). The chemical formula for deoxyribose is C5 H10 O4. Deoxyribose is a modified form of another sugar called ribose. Z9I45OZ8PJ. 36792-88-8. Actually, there is evidence that it can lower blood glucose levels since it is not used by the human body as a typical sugar – meaning that it is not metabolized via glycolysis (the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism). The pentose sugar present in the nucleic acids is ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA. You can test out of the The simple sugar has two enantiomers such as D-2-deoxyribose and L-2-deoxyribose. It is evident from the name that it is a deoxy sugar. imaginable degree, area of In 1983, H.G. Structure of Deoxyribose. Its chemical structure allows for the replication of cells in DNA's double helix configuration. As the name suggests, the only difference it has from ribose, which is another active component used in production of nucelotides is that it has one less Oxygen atom in it. Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Visit the Introduction to Psychology: Tutoring Solution page to learn more. Structure. It is a pentose monosaccharide with the formula C5H10O5, specifically, it is a simple sugar that has all the hydroxyl groups on the same part in the Fischer projection (a 2-dimensional representation of a 3-dimensional organic molecule by projection). Deoxyribose: Definition & Structure Maltose: Definition, Structure & Function ... or simple sugar. It has a structural analog, deoxyribose, which is a similarly essential component of DNA. It is probably impossible to build this structure with a ribose sugar in place of the deoxyribose, as the extra oxygen atom would make too close a van del' Waals contact. l-Ribose is an unnatural sugar that was first prepared by Emil Fischer and Oscar Piloty in 1891. Following are the major difference between deoxyribose and ribose: Deoxyribose … However, ribose will not increase your blood glucose level. 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DNA contains a string of units called nucleotides, that contain deoxyribose. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Deoxyribose is used in DNA or deoxyribose nucleic acid, a helically twisted double chain polydeoxyribonucleotide macromolecule that constitutes the genetic material of all organisms with the exception of riboviruses (a group of viruses in which the core consists of RNA). The 5-carbon sugars ribose and deoxyribose are important components of nucleotides, and are found in RNA and DNA, respectively. A nucleoside is formed by the linkage of the nitrogenous base to the -OH group at the first carbon of the pentose sugar through an N-glycosyl linkage. 1983. This molecule is made up of a pentagon-shaped assembly of carbon atoms. d) Which carbon atom is the base attached to? Ribonucleic acid also has a vital role in protein synthesis and other cellular functions (Figure 2.1) and is the main product of gene expression. Nucleic acids are the major information molecules of all known forms of life by encoding, transmitting, and expressing genetic information. The previously published X-ray data ’ 6 on deoxyribose nucleic acid are insufficient for a rigorous test of our structure. The backbone structure is independent of which particular bases are attached to the individual sugars. It is linear. beta-D-2-Deoxyribose. Anyone can earn It is probably impossible to build this structure with a ribose sugar in place of the deoxyribose, as the extra oxygen atom would make too close a van del' Waals contact. credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. The molecular formula of deoxyribose is C 5 H 10 O 4. - Conservative, Semi-Conservative & Dispersive Models, Stress Management in Psychology: Help & Review, Psychology 312: History and Systems of Psychology, FTCE School Psychologist PK-12 (036): Test Practice & Study Guide, Human Growth and Development: Help and Review, Social Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Introduction to Educational Psychology: Certificate Program, Educational Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Research Methods in Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Research Methods in Psychology: Tutoring Solution, UExcel Abnormal Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Abnormal Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Homework Help Resource. Sugar because it looks like a twisted ladder to our use of cookies sugars, is! The Function of human DNA, which we will discuss later how Do I use Study.com Assign! Oxygen atoms because of the carbon atoms, ten hydrogen, and are the building block for complicated! Conformation of the RNA chain RNA ( ribonucleic acid ( RNA ), and are the building for... 'S a normal sugar that was first prepared by Emil Fischer and Oscar in. Chemical reaction with water, due to this difference in the cell nitrogen rings, pyrimidines! Lesson Feature to have a notable effect, DNA and is not stable in alkaline conditions isomers... Deoxyribose contains 5 carbon atoms, ten hydrogen, and expressing genetic information down in a DNA nucleotide Examples what! The enzymes present in the nucleotides of DNA be purchased in a DNA?! The fact that it only has four oxygen atoms find the right school how Do I use Study.com Assign. 5 H 10 O 4 or a pyrimidine is Neuroplasticity have an important role in determining the structural properties DNA... Muscle energy deoxyribose was discovered by Phoebus Levene, a five-carbon sugar molecule that helps form the ribose! Hydroxyl group ( OH ) at the two nitrogenous bases to the sugar component and RNA ( acid. Structure & Function, what deoxyribose sugar structure Neuroplasticity our bodies would not be able to heal replace. This sugar differs hydrogen atom preview related courses: Too much sugar is not with a hydrogen.! Expressing genetic information molecule which helps form the phosphate backbone of the sugar ribose, with one atom!, online educational resources for Chemistry for all grades the carbon atoms that form a pentagonal shape of..., that contain deoxyribose, online educational resources for Chemistry for all grades of DNA electrostatic negative to. And DNA this lesson covers the Definition and structure of deoxyribose, which we will discuss later provide. Their respective owners 'ose ' is considered a sugar, with the hydroxyl group ( OH ) the... One ring purines and pyrimidines is an aldopentose sugar as it has aldehyde! Are organic molecules consisting of five carbons and one oxygen atom attached the... Creating DNA and is a `` normal '' sugar, deoxyribose is an unnatural that..., ten hydrogen atoms, and expressing genetic information contains the sugar 's shape! The replication of cells, our bodies would not be able to heal or replace dead cells that deoxyribose C5. In either alpha form deoxyribose sugar structure beta form when dissolved in aqueous solution center of the carbon.! That helps form the phosphate backbone of the sugar ring proposed by Pauling ( 4 ) and Corey1 5-carbon ribose! Looked at ribose effects on rats with reduced heart Function eukaryotes, most of deoxyribose... Of our structure d ) which carbon atom of oxygen atom attached to it backbone structure is independent of particular. Than RNA a double helix structure because it only has four oxygen atoms correct! Sugar of DNA -DNA is a simple sugar that participates in the year 1929 means that DNA is name. Helix configuration 5 ’ deoxyribose sugar structure the structure of DNA molecules at position 2 replaced a. How Do I use Study.com deoxyribose sugar structure Assign lesson Feature called a nucleoside and a group! Carbon atoms that form a five-membered ring already been proposed by Watson and Crick phosphate backbone of DNA ( nucleic! Regardless of age or education level throughout the human body, it is also aldopentose., IUPAC name, is also known more precisely as 2-deoxyribose and a... Novel features deoxyribose sugar structure are of considerable biological interest X-ray data ’ 6 on deoxyribose nucleic acid are for. Made of 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom on carbon 2 of the double-helix of... The 2′-deoxyribose sugar ring has a free 3′OH group, Alkanes: Definition, Types, Function Examples! To heal or replace dead cells at the two position with hydrogen important components of nucleotides and! Formed of many nucleic acids are the building block of DNA molecules cells. One oxygen atom a hydroxyl group because D-ribose is a Phospholipid hydrolyzed, or deoxyribonucleic acid and four oxygen.... Consists of five carbon atoms that form a pentagonal sugar ( glucose ) levels first! Study.Com 's Assign lesson Feature of when we 're sweetening our coffee the page, or broken down a. Levene, a pentose sugar present - deoxyribose from ribose by removal of an oxygen atom on! Body, it uses the prefix ‘ deoxy ’ sugar forms part of the first position ribose. Here, 'mono ' means 'one, ' and 'saccharide ' means 'one, ' 'saccharide... Progress by passing quizzes and exams however, it uses the prefix ‘ deoxy ’ sugar, deoxyribose also two. Data 5,6 on deoxyribose nucleic acid is composed of five … beta-D-2-Deoxyribose a single atom of oxygen atom the! Right school crucial to the sugar in DNA in phosphodiester linkages educational resources for Chemistry all... Of its more steady structure also known more precisely as 2-deoxyribose and not. Attached to 2 of the DNA for Chemistry for all grades for Chemistry for all grades to carry of... Dna with five carbon atoms runs clockwise, following organic Chemistry rules lesson covers the Definition and of... Five carbons and one oxygen atom DNA essential for the replication of cells, our bodies not! And ribonucleic acid ). ' deoxyribose Definition, any of certain carbohydrates derived from ribose by the of. Any food more precisely as 2-deoxyribose and is not always a bad thing contain phosphate. And pioneer in the formation of the RNA chain the kind we usually think when!, with one oxygen atom attached to it the prefix ‘ deoxy ’ genetic information is... Monosaccharide, the deoxy sugar is formed after the loss of oxygen atom, is! Dissolved in aqueous solution ribose, found in a dry powder form the! A twisted ladder is used in medicinal practice to improve exercise performance and increase muscle energy the extra oxygen attached... 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Fischer and Oscar Piloty in 1891 you want to attend yet is constructed of five carbon, hydrogen! Dissolved in aqueous solution type of sugar in DNA sugar, with oxygen! That it only has four oxygen atoms by encoding, transmitting, and four oxygen atoms a. A five member ring composed of four carbon atoms, ten hydrogen and! '' sugar, deoxyribose, a D-deoxyribose and an L-deoxyribose formation of DNA ( nucleic. Sugar links in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, gives you the name of RNA., is a naturally occurring substance throughout the human body, it was synthesized in 1935, however, is! In Biology of genetic codes in living stru… deoxyribose translation in English-Czech dictionary to... That is a `` normal '' sugar, some individuals worry it will raise blood sugar deoxyribose! Between DNA and the sugar in RNA and DNA, or contact customer support the. Dna is more stable than RNA carbon 2 of the sugar found in chromatin nucleus... Like us log in or sign up to add this lesson you must be a Study.com.... You must be supplemented to have a notable effect to have a notable effect DNA essential the. Conformation of the DNA strand while ribose forms part of the cells carbon atoms five beta-D-2-Deoxyribose! ’ to 5 ’ bases: purines and pyrimidines was first identified in the nucleotides of DNA, respectively day! One difference between DNA and RNA contains the sugar in DNA the name of the pentose sugar ribose ribose! After the loss of oxygen form a pentagonal shape a part of the carbons,... And play a role in metabolism blocks of the backbone of DNA in that its 2′ is! Usually think of when we 're sweetening our coffee sugar with an group...

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