Ethnobotany Inner bark & cambium were eaten Buds used medicinally Habitat Value Nesting habitat for eagles & osprey, which are large birds of prey Sponsors City of Bellingham Washington State Department of Ecology Black Cottonwood. Also like willows, leaf buds contain salicin which is a powerful anti-inflamatory and pain-reducer. This plant has no children Legal Status. ... ETHNOBOTANY. Leaf shapes can vary between diamond or heart-shaped with a finely serrated margin. The pale yellow sapwood is usually very thin, and is clearly demarcated from the darker heartwood. Hitchcock and Cronquist describe 38 species in Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. spring. Black cottonwoods are very fast growing and are easy to propagate with stem cuttings. southcentral alaska. Plant Profiles - Ethnobotany Submitted by admin on Mon, 06/27/2016 - 3:40pm These profiles were created by ES 421 students as a part of their final plant project. This condensed list of western Washington plants was created by Scott Clay-Poole, PhD. Photo by Susan McDougal. It is one of the largest of some 40 species of Populus and is the tallest, fastest-growing hardwood in the western United States. Both Cottonwood Trees and Willow Trees produce their own rooting hormone, called auxin. Prunus virginiana Chokecherry. 1400 Independence Ave., SW
Relationships: There are more than 300 species of willow worldwide, mostly in the northern hemisphere. long; look for the pair of glands where the petiole joins the blade. Populus balsamifera ssp. Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT: Bella Coola Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of buds and animal fat taken for whooping cough. For questions regarding the UWB/CC Plant Tour, contact Sarah at severlin@uw.edu. Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/blackcottonwood.html, https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_pobat.pdf, http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Populus%20trichocarpa. They are covered in a resinous substance that is perfumed and smells like balsam. Medicines and perfumes were made from balsam in Europe, and it plays a role in Christian rituals. Title: Black Cottonwood - Native Plant Trail Sign 11. Leaves: leathery/waxy dark green upper surface, with a lighter green underside. Black Cottonwood contains a large amount of rooting hormone, just like willows, so it is useful for plant propagation. The bark is grey and covered with lenticels, becoming thick and deeply fissured on old trees. Common names are from state and federal lists. The bark is smooth, greenish when young, becoming gray brown and furrowed with age. Left to right: Mostly certain these are Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) leaves from along the middle Missouri River (South Dakota? Small native tree or large shrub growing to 25-35 ft. high and 12-20 ft. wide. Black cottonwood is a large deciduous tree belonging to the willow family (Salicaceae). The cottony seeds are often seen drifting in a summer breeze, giving the tree its common name of Cottonwood. black bears in anchorage, alaska. Populus is the Latin name for poplar; balsamifera (“balsam-bearing”) refers to the resinous substance in the buds of the tree, thought to resemble balsam. Flowers/Fruits: drooping catkins. Names: Black Cottonwood is also known as Balsam Poplar. WSDOT Ethnobotany and Cultural Resources M 3120.01 Page iii April 2016 Foreword Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between cultures and plants. Economic uses of the black cottonwood include course lumber and the manufacture of wood products such as paper. The tree develops a straight cylindrical trunk with a narrow crown. The aggressive root systems of black cottonwood are effective soil Although the flowers are inconspicuous,this species is well known for its fuzzy fruits, which during spring and early summer float down from the trees, creating the appearance of a light warm-season snowfall. USDA PLANTS Database. Black cottonwood. The base of the leaves can be either wedge or heart shaped. sow bear looks out of her winter hibernation hole high up in a broken off cottonwood tree and watches a raven that is squawking nearby. Ethnobotany Black cottonwood resin has disinfectant properties and has been used by Coast Salish people for sore throats and coughs as well as being applied directly to wounds to prevent infection. Balsam is a term for various plant saps with a pleasing odor. The Spanish name for cottonwoods is “álamo,” leading the conclusion that the proper Spanish name for this tree is “álamo negro.” This name has lent itself to some famous places in America, such as the Alamo in San Antonio, site of a famous battle for Texan independence, as well as Los Alamos, New Mexico, site of American nuclear laboratories. The root systems help stabilize the soil, which is especially important for the restoration and conservation of riparian (river) areas they are commonly found growing in. Here in the Pacific Northwest, Native Americans utilized an incredible diversity of trees for edible cambium including Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis), Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum), Red Alder, Lodgepole Pine, Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides), and Black Cottonwood.The air alighting with Cottonwood down is a pretty dramatic phenological ⦠[â¦] Color/Appearance: Often completely black, with little or no discernible grain. 1985. & Gray ex Hook.) Willows The Willow Familyâ Salicaceae Salix sp. Black cottonwood’s have a high nitrate uptake making them useful tools for buffering agricultural areas. Pojar, J and MacKinnon, A. Black Cottonwood contains a large amount of rooting hormone, just like willows, so it is be useful for plant propagation. Black cottonwoods. A cottonwood in Willamette Mission State Park near Salem, Oregon, holds the national and world records. trichocarpa is a large cottonwood tree of the western United States. Click on a place name to ⦠Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia and Alaska. The balsam used by churches is often derived from another subspecies, P. balsamifera ssp. Notable feature: The winter buds are yellow-brown and very pointed. Bark: Mature bark is brown and rugged and looks similar to Douglas-fir’s bark. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210 Populus balsamifera ssp. The flowers are grouped into catkins from 1½ to 3 inches long; the trees are dioecious, meaning that ‘male’ and ‘female’ flowers are borne on separate trees. ), Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) from the Tetons in Wyoming, and Black Cottonwood or a Black / Narrowleaf Cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) hybrid from the Great Basin National Park, Nevada. Habitat: In Washington state, this tree can be found along wetlands, streambanks, lake shores, and moist woods. Paddling into quiet Willamette River off-channel alcoves that are ringed with stately cottonwoods is like entering into an aquatic cathedral with ⦠Black Cottonwood (nekwânikwâaz) This is our largest native broadleaf tree, growing to heights of 24 to 38 meters. Both Cottonwood Trees and Willow Trees produce their own rooting hormone, called auxin. Photo by Charles Webber, California Academy of Science. The Fremont Cottonwood, also known as the Western Cottonwood or the Rio Grande Cottonwood, Populus fremontii, occurs in California east to Utah and Arizona and south into northwest Mexico. Effect of harvest cycle and spacing on productivity of black cottonwood in intensive culture. The name of another New Mexican town, Alamogordo, means “the fat cottonwood tree.”. Trichocarpa means with hairy fruits, referring to its fluffy seeds. Prunus emarginata Bitter Cherry. Black Cottonwood. Can be used at a 10 â 25% dilution with other carrier oils such as jojoba or other herbal... 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